Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences (JDUHS)

Frequency of Breast Cancer in Women Under 40 Years at Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College: A Cross-Sectional Study

2025-03-21T22:45:14-06:00

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Frequency of Rouviere’s Sulcus and its Relation to the Dissection Time of Calot’s Triangle

2025-03-13T01:01:36-06:00

To determine the frequency of Rouvière’s Sulcus in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and assess its relationship with the dissection time of Calot’s Triangle.

Study Design

Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study

Department of General Surgery, CMH Quetta, from November 2024 to January 2025.

Methodology

A total of 52 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis were included using non-probability consecutive sampling. Rouvière’s Sulcus was identified intraoperatively and classified into open, closed, and slit types among visible cases. The dissection time of Calot’s Triangle was recorded from the insertion of the last port to the clipping of the cystic artery and duct. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.

Results

Rouvière’s Sulcus was visible in 48 (92.3%) patients, while it was not identified in 4 (7.7%) cases. Among the visible RS cases, open type (54.2%) was the most common, followed by closed (33.3%) and slit (12.5%) types. RS visibility was significantly associated with age (p=0.027) and diabetes mellitus (p=0.006). The median dissection time of Calot’s Triangle was shorter in patients with visible RS (9.5 minutes, IQR: 8-13) compared to those without RS (14 minutes, IQR: 11-15, p=0.041). The type of RS did not significantly influence dissection time (p=0.420).

Conclusion

Rouvière’s Sulcus was present in most patients, with the open type being the most frequent. Its presence was associated with a shorter dissection time, reinforcing its role as a key surgical landmark for safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

VISUAL OUTCOME OF CATARACT SURGERY IN CHILDREN WITH TRAUMATIC CATARACT”

2025-03-25T23:11:15-06:00

Paediatric cataract is an important cause of visual impairment in children. The causes of paediatric cataract are varied ranging from hereditary, idiopathic, ocular anomalies, multisystem syndromes, metabolic disorders, maternal infection, toxic effect of medication and trauma [1]. Traumatic cataract is defined as permanent opacity of the lens caused by blunt or penetrating eye trauma. Most traumatic cataracts are intumescent, but their type and clinical course depend on trauma mechanism and the integrity of the capsular bag.

Correlation of Oxford Classification Score with Early Response to Treatment in IgA Nephropathy: A Cross-Sectional Study

2025-02-10T00:29:52-07:00

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the Oxford classification score and early response to treatment in Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) in a single-center study in northern Pakistan.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, from July 2024 to January 2025. Patients aged 18 to 65 years with biopsy-proven primary IgAN were included. Baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, including serum creatinine, eGFR, and proteinuria, were recorded. Renal biopsies were assessed using Oxford classification, evaluating mesangial hypercellularity (M), endocapillary hypercellularity (E), segmental glomerulosclerosis (S), tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T) and crescents (C). Early treatment response was defined as a ≥50% reduction in proteinuria after three months.
Results: Of total 30 patients, the median age was 30.5 (24.5 – 43.5) years. The Oxford classification revealed that 19 (63.3%) patients had M1 and S1 lesions, 16 (53.3%) had E0 lesions, and 12 (40.0%) exhibited T0 lesions. A significant reduction in proteinuria was observed after treatment (p-value < 0.001), with eGFR and serum albumin levels improving significantly (p-value 0.003 and p-value 0.023) respectively. T1-2 lesions demonstrated a strong negative correlation with eGFR (ρ = -0.760, p-value < 0.001), and E1 lesions were moderately correlated with proteinuria (ρ = 0.378, p-value 0.039). Treatment response was observed in 12 (40%) patients, but no significant associations were found with individual Oxford classification scores.
Conclusion: A significant reduction in proteinuria and improvement in eGFR and albumin were observed post-treatment. Histopathological features correlated with renal outcomes, emphasizing their significance in predicting early treatment outcomes.

Unmet Need of Family Planning in Rural Setting

2025-04-05T01:58:35-06:00

Objective: The study aimed at identifying the unmet need for family planning and identifying its determinants among married women.

Material And Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study on married females was conducted at a rural setup (Mustafabad Chak 202), over one year, from August 2023 to August 2024. Non-probability purposive sampling was used. The questionnaire was read and translated to those who were illiterate and filled in according to the information provided by them. Statistical analysis was conducted on SPSS version 25 by using Means ± SD for descriptive continuous variables. Frequency and percentages were used for categorical variables (gender etc.) The chi-square test was employed to assess significant associations between unmet needs for family planning and the socio-demographics of participants.

Results: Unmet need for family planning came out to be 61%, with the majority claiming unavailability of services (137, 65.6%); difficulty accessing them (142, 67.9%); and the main reasons for not using any methods were husband’s unwillingness (67, 32.1%) followed by fear of side-effects (19, 9.1%) and familial disapproval (18, 8.6%). Significant associations were seen between the unmet need for family planning and age group (p = <0.001); education (p = 0.001); occupation (p = <0.001); number of children (p = 0.006); perception (p = <0.001); availability (p = <0.001); accessibility (p = <0.001) and effect on family welfare (p = <0.001).

Conclusion: Concerns about side effects, poor spousal communication, and scant exposure to media were the foremost factors that contributed to the low rate of usage of contraceptive practices.