Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion as A Treatment for Maxillary Expansion in Adults
A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36570/jduhs.2021.3.1101Keywords:
Orthodontics, Surgery, Palatal Expansion, AdultsAbstract
Transverse Maxillary Deficiency is a common dental malocclusion that usually presents as constricted maxilla with both functional as well as esthetic effects on the individual suffering from it. Functional appliance can be used in children whose mid palatal suture has not ossified but adults required surgical approach such as surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion. We conducted a literature review of techniques of surgical rapid maxillary expansion, appliances commonly used for expansion and finally the complications associated with it postoperatively. Review of available literature was conducted using literature present in PubMed, Google scholar, ESCO and semantic scholar using the following keywords in combination such as “Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion”, Hyrax appliance” “Haas Appliance” and “Transverse Maxillary Deficiency”. Out of the 210 articles screened, 40 were included in this literature review. Presently, surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion is a treatment option for patients in their adulthood in which the mid-palatal suture has been closed. Expansion appliances such as Haas and Hyrax are used adjunctively with surgical modalities.
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References
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4. Bouletreau P, Raberin M. Incorporating the maxillary transverse dimension in the treatment plan. J Dentofac Anomalies Orthod [Internet]. 2016 Aug 6;19(3):304. Available from: https://www.jdao-journal.org/10.1051/odfen/2016002
5. IŞIK BK, ESEN A, MENZİLETOĞLU D. CERRAHİ DESTEKLİ HIZLI MAKSİLLER GENİŞLETME: BİR DERLEME. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekim Fakültesi Derg [Internet]. 2016 Nov 24;141–141. Available from: http://dergipark.gov.tr/doi/10.17567/ataunidfd.290612
6. Haas AJ. Palatal expansion: Just the beginning of dentofacial orthopedics. Am J Orthod [Internet]. 1970 Mar;57(3):219–55. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0002941670902411
7. Suri L, Taneja P. Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: A literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop [Internet]. 2008 Feb;133(2):290–302. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889540607007536
8. Verstraaten J, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Mommaerts MY, Bergé SJ, Nada RM, Schols JGJH. A systematic review of the effects of bone-borne surgical assisted rapid maxillary expansion. J Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg [Internet]. 2010 Apr;38(3):166–74. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1010518209001127
9. Glassman AS, Nahigian SJ, Medway JM, Aronowitz HI. Conservative surgical orthodontic adult rapid palatal expansion: Sixteen cases. Am J Orthod [Internet]. 1984 Sep;86(3):207–13. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0002941684903725
10. Korn EL, Baumrind S. Transverse Development of the Human Jaws Between the Ages of 8.5 and 15.5 Years, Studied Longitudinally With Use of Implants. J Dent Res [Internet]. 1990 Jun 8;69(6):1298–306. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00220345900690061501
11. N J Betts 1, R L Vanarsdall, H D Barber, K Higgins-Barber RJF. Diagnosis and treatment of transverse maxillary deficiency. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1995;10(2):75–96.
12. Hugo Romero, 1 Nadia Irias, 1 Juan Guifarro, 2 Alejandro Estrada, 3 Vima Umanzor, 4 Fabio Caballero, 5 Mario Gabrie, 5 Guillermo Bendaña 5 Ishla Mayorga5. Surgically assisted rapid expansion in two patients with maxillary transverse deficiency. MOJ Orthop Rheumatol. 2020;12(3).
13. Lanigan DT, Mintz SM. Complications of surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: Review of the literature and report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2002 Jan;60(1):104–10. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S027823910285649X
14. Chamberland S, Proffit WR. Closer Look at the Stability of Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion. J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2008 Sep;66(9):1895–900. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0278239108009245
15. Maheshwari R, Harani H, Joshi S, Tiwari A. Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: A way to treat transverse maxillary deficiency. Int J Orthod Rehabil [Internet]. 2018;9(3):107. Available from: http://www.orthodrehab.org/text.asp?2018/9/3/107/240308
16. Aktop S, Gönül O, Garip H, Göker K. Surgically Assisted Maxillary Expansion. In: A Textbook of Advanced Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Volume 2 [Internet]. InTech; 2015. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/a-textbook-of-advanced-oral-and-maxillofacial-surgery-volume-2/surgically-assisted-maxillary-expansion
17. Grybauskas S, Moser L, Esteves L, Cintra O, Schneider-Moser U. An interview with Simonas Grybauskas. Dental Press J Orthod [Internet]. 2018 Aug;23(4):14–35. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2176-94512018000400014&lng=en&tlng=en
18. Iodice G, Bocchino T, Casadei M, Baldi D, Robiony M. Evaluations of Sagittal and Vertical Changes Induced by Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion. J Craniofac Surg [Internet]. 2013 Jul;24(4):1210–4. Available from: http://journals.lww.com/00001665-201307000-00035
19. Gill D, Naini F, McNally M, Jones A. The Management of Transverse Maxillary Deficiency. Dent Update [Internet]. 2004 Nov 2;31(9):516–23. Available from: http://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/10.12968/denu.2004.31.9.516
20. Behnia H, Mohammad-Rahimi H, Behnaz M. Treatment of an Adult Skeletal Class III Patient with Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion and Facemask. Case Rep Dent [Internet]. 2019 Dec 31;2019:1–6. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crid/2019/8251903/
21. Hernandez-Alfaro F, Mareque Bueno J, Diaz A, Pagés CM. Minimally Invasive Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion With Limited Approach Under Sedation: A Report of 283 Consecutive Cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2010 Sep;68(9):2154–8. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0278239109018229
22. Madhavarajan S, Taylor N, Johnson P. Surgically assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (SARPE). Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2014 Oct;52(8):e59–60. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0266435614003192
23. J. Gonzalez Lagunas, J.A. Hueto Madrid GRM. Vertical incisions in SARPE. Rev Esp Cirug Oral y Maxilofac [Internet]. 2005;27(3). Available from: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?pid=S1130-05582005000300006&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en
24. Park K-N, Lee CY, Park IY, Kim JY, Yang B. Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion with tent screws and a custom-made palatal expander: a case report. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg [Internet]. 2015 Dec 21;37(1):11. Available from: http://www.jkamprs.com/content/37/1/11
25. Agarwal A. Maxillary Expansion. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent [Internet]. 2010;3(3):139–46. Available from: https://www.ijcpd.com/doi/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1069
26. Lin L, Ahn H-W, Kim S-J, Moon S-C, Kim S-H, Nelson G. Tooth-borne vs bone-borne rapid maxillary expanders in late adolescence. Angle Orthod [Internet]. 2015 Mar;85(2):253–62. Available from: http://www.angle.org/doi/10.2319/030514-156.1
27. Krüsi M, Eliades T, Papageorgiou SN. Are there benefits from using bone-borne maxillary expansion instead of tooth-borne maxillary expansion? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Prog Orthod [Internet]. 2019 Dec 25;20(1):9. Available from: https://progressinorthodontics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40510-019-0261-5
28. Gunyuz Toklu M, Germec-Cakan D, Tozlu M. Periodontal, dentoalveolar, and skeletal effects of tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne expansion appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop [Internet]. 2015 Jul;148(1):97–109. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889540615003364
29. Algharbi M, Bazargani F, Dimberg L. Do different maxillary expansion appliances influence the outcomes of the treatment? Eur J Orthod [Internet]. 2018 Jan 23;40(1):97–106. Available from: http://academic.oup.com/ejo/article/40/1/97/3806590
30. Façanha AJ de O, Lara TS, Garib DG, Silva Filho OG da. Transverse effect of Haas and Hyrax appliances on the upper dental arch in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: A comparative study. Dental Press J Orthod [Internet]. 2014 Apr;19(2):39–45. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2176-94512014000200039&lng=en&tlng=en
31. Kilic N, Kiki A, Oktay H. A comparison of dentoalveolar inclination treated by two palatal expanders. Eur J Orthod [Internet]. 2007 Oct 30;30(1):67–72. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ejo/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ejo/cjm099
32. A W. Efeitos imediatos da expansão rápida da maxila no sentido transversal, com os disjuntores tipo Haas e Hyrax, em tomografia computadorizada cone beam [dissertação] Porto Alegre (RS). Pontifícia Univ Católica do Rio Gd do Sul. 2008;
33. Weissheimer A, de Menezes LM, Mezomo M, Dias DM, de Lima EMS, Rizzatto SMD. Immediate effects of rapid maxillary expansion with Haas-type and hyrax-type expanders: A randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop [Internet]. 2011 Sep;140(3):366–76. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889540611005294
34. F. Amini *1 GR. Comparison of the effect of Haas and Hyrax rapid palatal expanders on nasal cavity dimensions. J Dent Med [Internet]. 2009;22(2). Available from: https://jdm.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=140&sid=1&slc_lang=en
35. Smeets M, Da Costa Senior O, Eman S, Politis C. A retrospective analysis of the complication rate after SARPE in 111 cases, and its relationship to patient age at surgery. J Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg [Internet]. 2020 May;48(5):467–71. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1010518219311552
36. Haq J, Lo M, Collier J. Five-year experience of SARPE in a craniofacial setting: outcomes, complications and learning points. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2017 Dec;55(10):e75–6. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0266435617306113
37. Feldmann I, Bazargani F. Pain and discomfort during the first week of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using two different RME appliances: A randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod [Internet]. 2017 May 1;87(3):391–6. Available from: https://meridian.allenpress.com/angle-orthodontist/article/87/3/391/58787/Pain-and-discomfort-during-the-first-week-of-rapid
38. Short-term complications after surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: a retrospective cohort study. Available from: https://pocketdentistry.com/short-term-complications-after-surgically-assisted-rapid-palatal-expansion-a-retrospective-cohort-study/
39. Verquin M, Daems L, Politis C. Short-term complications after surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2017 Mar;46(3):303–8. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0901502716303253
40. Williams BJD, Currimbhoy S, Silva A, O’Ryan FS. Complications Following Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2012 Oct;70(10):2394–402. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0278239111016764
2. Converse JM, Coccaro PJ. Diagnosis and treatment of maxillomandibular dysplasias. Am J Orthod [Internet]. 1975 Dec;68(6):625–44. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0002941675900974
3. Abd Rahman N, Abdullah N, Samsudin AR, Naing Mohd Ayub Sadiq L. Dental anomalies and facial profile abnormality of the non-syndromic cleft lip and palate children in kelantan. Malays J Med Sci [Internet]. 2004 Jul;11(2):41–51. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22973126
4. Bouletreau P, Raberin M. Incorporating the maxillary transverse dimension in the treatment plan. J Dentofac Anomalies Orthod [Internet]. 2016 Aug 6;19(3):304. Available from: https://www.jdao-journal.org/10.1051/odfen/2016002
5. IŞIK BK, ESEN A, MENZİLETOĞLU D. CERRAHİ DESTEKLİ HIZLI MAKSİLLER GENİŞLETME: BİR DERLEME. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekim Fakültesi Derg [Internet]. 2016 Nov 24;141–141. Available from: http://dergipark.gov.tr/doi/10.17567/ataunidfd.290612
6. Haas AJ. Palatal expansion: Just the beginning of dentofacial orthopedics. Am J Orthod [Internet]. 1970 Mar;57(3):219–55. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0002941670902411
7. Suri L, Taneja P. Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: A literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop [Internet]. 2008 Feb;133(2):290–302. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889540607007536
8. Verstraaten J, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Mommaerts MY, Bergé SJ, Nada RM, Schols JGJH. A systematic review of the effects of bone-borne surgical assisted rapid maxillary expansion. J Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg [Internet]. 2010 Apr;38(3):166–74. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1010518209001127
9. Glassman AS, Nahigian SJ, Medway JM, Aronowitz HI. Conservative surgical orthodontic adult rapid palatal expansion: Sixteen cases. Am J Orthod [Internet]. 1984 Sep;86(3):207–13. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0002941684903725
10. Korn EL, Baumrind S. Transverse Development of the Human Jaws Between the Ages of 8.5 and 15.5 Years, Studied Longitudinally With Use of Implants. J Dent Res [Internet]. 1990 Jun 8;69(6):1298–306. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00220345900690061501
11. N J Betts 1, R L Vanarsdall, H D Barber, K Higgins-Barber RJF. Diagnosis and treatment of transverse maxillary deficiency. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1995;10(2):75–96.
12. Hugo Romero, 1 Nadia Irias, 1 Juan Guifarro, 2 Alejandro Estrada, 3 Vima Umanzor, 4 Fabio Caballero, 5 Mario Gabrie, 5 Guillermo Bendaña 5 Ishla Mayorga5. Surgically assisted rapid expansion in two patients with maxillary transverse deficiency. MOJ Orthop Rheumatol. 2020;12(3).
13. Lanigan DT, Mintz SM. Complications of surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: Review of the literature and report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2002 Jan;60(1):104–10. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S027823910285649X
14. Chamberland S, Proffit WR. Closer Look at the Stability of Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion. J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2008 Sep;66(9):1895–900. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0278239108009245
15. Maheshwari R, Harani H, Joshi S, Tiwari A. Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: A way to treat transverse maxillary deficiency. Int J Orthod Rehabil [Internet]. 2018;9(3):107. Available from: http://www.orthodrehab.org/text.asp?2018/9/3/107/240308
16. Aktop S, Gönül O, Garip H, Göker K. Surgically Assisted Maxillary Expansion. In: A Textbook of Advanced Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Volume 2 [Internet]. InTech; 2015. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/a-textbook-of-advanced-oral-and-maxillofacial-surgery-volume-2/surgically-assisted-maxillary-expansion
17. Grybauskas S, Moser L, Esteves L, Cintra O, Schneider-Moser U. An interview with Simonas Grybauskas. Dental Press J Orthod [Internet]. 2018 Aug;23(4):14–35. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2176-94512018000400014&lng=en&tlng=en
18. Iodice G, Bocchino T, Casadei M, Baldi D, Robiony M. Evaluations of Sagittal and Vertical Changes Induced by Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion. J Craniofac Surg [Internet]. 2013 Jul;24(4):1210–4. Available from: http://journals.lww.com/00001665-201307000-00035
19. Gill D, Naini F, McNally M, Jones A. The Management of Transverse Maxillary Deficiency. Dent Update [Internet]. 2004 Nov 2;31(9):516–23. Available from: http://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/10.12968/denu.2004.31.9.516
20. Behnia H, Mohammad-Rahimi H, Behnaz M. Treatment of an Adult Skeletal Class III Patient with Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion and Facemask. Case Rep Dent [Internet]. 2019 Dec 31;2019:1–6. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crid/2019/8251903/
21. Hernandez-Alfaro F, Mareque Bueno J, Diaz A, Pagés CM. Minimally Invasive Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion With Limited Approach Under Sedation: A Report of 283 Consecutive Cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2010 Sep;68(9):2154–8. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0278239109018229
22. Madhavarajan S, Taylor N, Johnson P. Surgically assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (SARPE). Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2014 Oct;52(8):e59–60. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0266435614003192
23. J. Gonzalez Lagunas, J.A. Hueto Madrid GRM. Vertical incisions in SARPE. Rev Esp Cirug Oral y Maxilofac [Internet]. 2005;27(3). Available from: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?pid=S1130-05582005000300006&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en
24. Park K-N, Lee CY, Park IY, Kim JY, Yang B. Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion with tent screws and a custom-made palatal expander: a case report. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg [Internet]. 2015 Dec 21;37(1):11. Available from: http://www.jkamprs.com/content/37/1/11
25. Agarwal A. Maxillary Expansion. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent [Internet]. 2010;3(3):139–46. Available from: https://www.ijcpd.com/doi/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1069
26. Lin L, Ahn H-W, Kim S-J, Moon S-C, Kim S-H, Nelson G. Tooth-borne vs bone-borne rapid maxillary expanders in late adolescence. Angle Orthod [Internet]. 2015 Mar;85(2):253–62. Available from: http://www.angle.org/doi/10.2319/030514-156.1
27. Krüsi M, Eliades T, Papageorgiou SN. Are there benefits from using bone-borne maxillary expansion instead of tooth-borne maxillary expansion? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Prog Orthod [Internet]. 2019 Dec 25;20(1):9. Available from: https://progressinorthodontics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40510-019-0261-5
28. Gunyuz Toklu M, Germec-Cakan D, Tozlu M. Periodontal, dentoalveolar, and skeletal effects of tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne expansion appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop [Internet]. 2015 Jul;148(1):97–109. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889540615003364
29. Algharbi M, Bazargani F, Dimberg L. Do different maxillary expansion appliances influence the outcomes of the treatment? Eur J Orthod [Internet]. 2018 Jan 23;40(1):97–106. Available from: http://academic.oup.com/ejo/article/40/1/97/3806590
30. Façanha AJ de O, Lara TS, Garib DG, Silva Filho OG da. Transverse effect of Haas and Hyrax appliances on the upper dental arch in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: A comparative study. Dental Press J Orthod [Internet]. 2014 Apr;19(2):39–45. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2176-94512014000200039&lng=en&tlng=en
31. Kilic N, Kiki A, Oktay H. A comparison of dentoalveolar inclination treated by two palatal expanders. Eur J Orthod [Internet]. 2007 Oct 30;30(1):67–72. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ejo/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ejo/cjm099
32. A W. Efeitos imediatos da expansão rápida da maxila no sentido transversal, com os disjuntores tipo Haas e Hyrax, em tomografia computadorizada cone beam [dissertação] Porto Alegre (RS). Pontifícia Univ Católica do Rio Gd do Sul. 2008;
33. Weissheimer A, de Menezes LM, Mezomo M, Dias DM, de Lima EMS, Rizzatto SMD. Immediate effects of rapid maxillary expansion with Haas-type and hyrax-type expanders: A randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop [Internet]. 2011 Sep;140(3):366–76. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889540611005294
34. F. Amini *1 GR. Comparison of the effect of Haas and Hyrax rapid palatal expanders on nasal cavity dimensions. J Dent Med [Internet]. 2009;22(2). Available from: https://jdm.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=140&sid=1&slc_lang=en
35. Smeets M, Da Costa Senior O, Eman S, Politis C. A retrospective analysis of the complication rate after SARPE in 111 cases, and its relationship to patient age at surgery. J Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg [Internet]. 2020 May;48(5):467–71. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1010518219311552
36. Haq J, Lo M, Collier J. Five-year experience of SARPE in a craniofacial setting: outcomes, complications and learning points. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2017 Dec;55(10):e75–6. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0266435617306113
37. Feldmann I, Bazargani F. Pain and discomfort during the first week of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using two different RME appliances: A randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod [Internet]. 2017 May 1;87(3):391–6. Available from: https://meridian.allenpress.com/angle-orthodontist/article/87/3/391/58787/Pain-and-discomfort-during-the-first-week-of-rapid
38. Short-term complications after surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: a retrospective cohort study. Available from: https://pocketdentistry.com/short-term-complications-after-surgically-assisted-rapid-palatal-expansion-a-retrospective-cohort-study/
39. Verquin M, Daems L, Politis C. Short-term complications after surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2017 Mar;46(3):303–8. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0901502716303253
40. Williams BJD, Currimbhoy S, Silva A, O’Ryan FS. Complications Following Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2012 Oct;70(10):2394–402. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0278239111016764
Published
2021-12-16
How to Cite
Abbasi, H., & Lal, A. (2021). Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion as A Treatment for Maxillary Expansion in Adults: A Review. Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences (JDUHS), 15(3), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.36570/jduhs.2021.3.1101
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