Frequency, Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors of Carcinoma of Cheek in Patients Presenting at JPMC Karachi

Authors

  • Muhammad Razzaq Dogar Department of ENT, Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi, Pakistan.
  • Abdul Waheed Department of ENT, Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences Karachi, Pakistan.
  • Ikram Ullah Department of ENT, BMC Hospital Quetta, Pakistan.
  • Hurtamina Khan Department of ENT, Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi, Pakistan.
  • Ghulam Shabir Mahar Department of ENT, Ghulam Mohd Mahar Medical College Sukker, Pakistan.
  • Zubair Anwar Department of ENT, Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi, Pakistan.

Keywords:

Carcinoma, Cheek, Risk Factors, Tobacco

Abstract

Objective: To assess the frequency, clinical presentation, and associated risk factors of carcinoma cheek in patients presenting at Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) department at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at ENT outpatient department of JPMC, Karachi, Pakistan. Two years data of patients with complain of non-healing ulcer of buccal mucosa for more than 4 weeks duration irrespective of age and gender were retrieved from medical record. Biopsy confirmed cases of carcinoma of cheek were noted along with the treatment history of the positive patients. The detailed history of the patients regarding demographic characteristics, smoking habits, and chewable tobacco habits were noted.
Results: Of 330 patients, the mean age of the patients was 44.36 ±7.32 years. There were 251 (76.1%) males and 79 (23.9%) females. Carcinoma of cheek was observed in 277 (83.9%) patients. A significant association of carcinoma of cheek was observed with age (p-value <0.001), occupation (p-value 0.004), residence (p-value <0.001), marital status (p-value 0.031), and addiction of chewable tobacco (p-value <0.001). The chances of cheek carcinoma were 9 times significantly higher among addicted chewable tobacco patients as compared to those patients' who did not addict of chewable tobacco (aOR 9.48, 95% CI 1.88 – 47.6).
Conclusion: The study revealed that carcinoma of cheek was considerably higher among patients presented with non-healing ulcer of buccal mucosa for more than 4 weeks duration.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Shrestha AD, Vedsted P, Kallestrup P, Neupane D. Prevalence and incidence of oral cancer in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2020; 29:e13207. doi: 10.1111/ecc.13207

Sarode G, Maniyar N, Sarode SC, Jafer M, Patil S, Awan KH. Epidemiologic aspects of oral cancer. Dis Mon2020; 66:100988. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.100988

Javed A, Zahra G, Qureshi AM. Epidemiology of oral cancer in Pakistan. Am Sci Res J Eng Technol Sci (ASRJETS) 2020; 72:118-27.

Kumar M, Nanavati R, Modi TG, Dobariya C. Oral cancer: Etiology and risk factors: A review. J Cancer Res Ther 2016; 12:458-63. doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.186696

Shield KD, Ferlay J, Jemal A, Sankaranarayanan R, Chaturvedi AK, Bray F, et al. The global incidence of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers by subsite in 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 2017; 7:51-64. doi: 10.3322/caac.21384

Ren ZH, Hu CY, He HR, Li YJ, Lyu J. Global and regional burdens of oral cancer from 1990 to 2017: Results from the global burden of disease study. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:81-92. doi: 10.1002/cac2.12009

Niaz K, Maqbool F, Khan F, Bahadar H, Hassan FI, Abdollahi M. Smokeless tobacco (paan and gutkha) consumption, prevalence, and contribution to oral cancer. Epidemiol Health 2017; 39:e2017009. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2017009

Anwar N, Pervez S, Chundriger Q, Awan S, Moatter T, Ali TS. Oral cancer: Clinicopathological features and associated risk factors in a high risk population presenting to a major tertiary care center in Pakistan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236359. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236359

Malkani N, Kazmi S, Rashid MU. Epidemiological assessment of oral cancer burden in Pakistan. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:842-53. doi: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1982962

Khan TZ, Ahmed Z, Junaid T. Prevalence of oral cavity cancer according to anatomical sites in Karachi, Pakistan. Rawal Medical J 2016; 41.450-3.

Ajay PR, Ashwinirani SR, Nayak A, Suragimath G, Kamala KA, Sande A, et al. Oral cancer prevalence in Western population of Maharashtra, India, for a period of 5 years. J Oral Res Rev 2018; 10:11-4. doi: 10.4103/jorr.jorr_23_17

Padma R, Paulraj S, Sundaresan S. Squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa: Prevalence of clinicopathological pattern and its implications for treatment. SRM J Res Dent Sci 2017; 8:9-13. doi:10.4103/srmjrds.srmjrds_73_16

Khan Z, Suliankatchi RA, Heise TL, Dreger S. Naswar (Smokeless Tobacco) Use and the Risk of Oral Cancer in Pakistan: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:32-40. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntx281

Su CC, Yang HF, Huang SJ, Lian IeB. Distinctive features of oral cancer in Changhua County: high incidence, buccal mucosa preponderance, and a close relation to betel quid chewing habit. J Formos Med Assoc 2007; 106:225-33. doi: 10.1016/s0929-6646(09)60244-8

Amarasinghe AA, Usgodaarachchi US, Johnson NW, Warnakulasuriya S. High prevalence of lifestyle factors attributable for oral cancer, and of oral potentially malignant disorders in rural Sri Lanka. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2485-92. doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.9.2485

Kumari B, Aslam SK, Zaheer S, Adil SO, Shafique K. Systemic inflammatory markers among waterpipe smokers, cigarette smokers, and nonsmokers. J Addict Med 2019; 13:55-60. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000446

Karim MT, Inam S, Ashraf T, Shah N, Adil SO, Shafique K. Areca nut chewing and the risk of re-hospitalization and mortality among patients with acute coronary syndrome in Pakistan. J Prev Med Public Health 2018; 51:71-82. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.17.189

Mugheri MH, Channa NA, Amur SA, Khuhro Q, Soomro NA, Paras M, et al. Risk factors for oral cancer disease in Hyderabad and adjoining areas of Sindh, Pakistan. Rawal Medical J 2018; 43:606-10.

Azam MN, Shahjahan M, Yeasmin M, Ahmed NU. Prevalence of smokeless tobacco among low socioeconomic populations: A cross-sectional analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156887. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156887

Myint SK, Narksawat K, Sillabutra J. Prevalence and factors influencing betel nut chewing among adults in West Insein township, Yangon, Myanmar. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2016; 47:1089–97.

Downloads

Published

2022-04-20

How to Cite

Dogar, M. R. ., Waheed, A. ., Ullah, I. ., Khan, . H. ., Shabir Mahar, G. ., & Anwar, . Z. . (2022). Frequency, Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors of Carcinoma of Cheek in Patients Presenting at JPMC Karachi. Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences (JDUHS), 16(1), 17–21. Retrieved from https://jduhs.jduhs.duhs.edu.pk/index.php/jduhs/article/view/1237

Issue

Section

Original Articles